Emotional Intelligence Essay Example for Free

Passionate Intelligence Essay There are different manners by which the legislature can rebuff the criminal guilty parties or the common wrongdoers. This incorporates, fines, detainment, or beating. In rebuffing the guilty parties, the general public targets vindicating, revising the transgressors, and going about as prevention for others to submit same offense. The current favored method of discipline is planned for revising the guilty party as opposed to rebuffing them Because of the evolving circumstances, numerous social orders have changed the method of conventional discipline that were forced on guilty parties and settled on better accommodating terms, for example, pay. There are different sorts of pay that can be forced on a guilty party. These are, fines, compensation, and network administration. Fines have been forced in the United States and the Canadian courts as gave in the rules (Encarta Library). The fines are broadly utilized on the grounds that numerous hoodlums don't have the cash for the fines. Moreover, fines forced on lawbreakers would not stop them from carrying out other crimes as they realize that they can simply pay fines and be sans let. In compensation, the court will arrange the guilty party to remunerate the outraged for the wrongdoing that was submitted against them. The harm may have been in type of mental harm, physical or financial. For the appointed authority to pass compensation, the outraged must start the procedure, for example through giving such things as doctor's visit expenses or some other types of demonstrate for the compensation to be passed. This sentence is significant on the grounds that it is considered to reestablish the insulted back to the first situation before the offense. Network administration then again is the point at which a wrongdoer is condemned to played out some obligation in the general public. The state would then be able to utilize a portion of the assets spared because of network administration to remunerate the people in question. This technique is significant in that it causes the authoritative to spare the sums that would be utilized in indictment, and gives the guilty party time to change instead of being rebuffed. Passionate intelligence According to the underlying definition given by Salovery and Mayer in 1989/90, enthusiastic insight is â€Å"the capacity to screen one’s own sentiments and feelings, the capacity to screen the sentiments and feelings of others, and to utilize this data to direct future reasoning and action†, (Stone, Parker and Wood, 2004). To adapt to passionate vulnerabilities, an individual depends on the competency of enthusiastic knowledge. To adapt to natural vulnerabilities, an individual depends on the competency of passionate knowledge. The segments of enthusiastic knowledge are Self-Awareness, Self-Regulation, Motivation and Empathy Social Skills. Enthusiastic Intelligence in an association. The current supervisor of the group is a pleasant, inviting and hurting individual. He has had the option to give space for the colleagues to air their various perspectives and take into consideration each person’s perspectives to be obliged. This sort of vote based system has given individuals from the group space to take part in every single hierarchical issue. One of the shortcomings with the director is that he can't construct a solid cooperation soul. This has been contributed with the way that he has not set up rules that can empower individuals to set aside their own advantage and focus on collaboration soul. This has permitted numerous individuals to blend their own issues in with authoritative issues. To have the option to associate my colleagues to go about as one group, the five standards of passionate insight are significant. Above all else without anyone else mindfulness I will have the option to know precisely my quality and shortcoming. I should attempt however much as could be expected to utilize my solidarity to accomplish cooperation and control my shortcomings, it implies having full self-guideline. Various circumstances prompts diverse state of mind, however as a group chief, individual dispositions ought not beat the group sprit. The majority of the objectives of the group might be accomplished just if as a pioneer am spurred by building a solid authoritative group and set aside such things as try for cash and notoriety status. This will assume a significant job in persuading different representatives to follow the model. It is additionally significant placed my self in different employee’s position in order to comprehend their feelings and help them to develop in the association. This would all be able to be accomplished if as an innovator in treat all the workers similarly and build up a decent correspondence with them. A group chief needs to be able to influence everyone’s feelings. â€Å"If people’s feelings are pushed towards the scope of excitement, execution can take off, if individuals are headed toward malevolence and uneasiness, they will be lost stride†, (Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee, 2004, pg5). this suggests the impact of a position of authority will go past just having an occupation very much done. Along these lines to apply the standards of enthusiastic knowledge to accomplish the authoritative objectives are significant. For example, the advancement of aggregate objectives and destinations is significant in an association. This will empower regardless of colleagues to put their own undertakings to accomplish authoritative objectives. Pioneers can likewise be urged to impart â€Å"in others an energy about the significance of work exercises; producing and looking after excitement, certainty, confidence, participation and trustencouraging adaptability in dynamic and change; and building up and keeping up an important character of the association (Eintel Organization, N. d).

Is ethics profitable Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is morals beneficial - Essay Example The continually changing serious situations in the business world powers organizations to discover new strategies to counter the opposition instead of the supposed conventional ways. These customary strategies included better items, more administrations, or lower costs. In the contemporary world, business firms are reacting to these opposition challenges by presenting associations and increasingly common associations with their clients and different partners in the business. In the most recent years, there have been conversations with respect to morals rehearses in business firms. The general supposition of this subject is that organizations need to do what is ethically directly for their clients just as their workers. In any case, the normal practice in the business field is that of untrustworthy and criminal operations. Most associations are yet to comprehend or understand the money related effect of high moral measures in business firms (Heskett et al. 34). As per most organizations in the current world, moral practices force a pointless money related imperative. Tax avoidance and came up short on work force involve untrustworthy be that as it may, in any case, engaging practices. From this point of view, it appears that benefits and morals have a reverse relationship. Supervisors and executives of organizations expect that moral practices and projects are over the top expensive exercises. This implies moral practices have no positive effects on the productivity of business firms. For this situation, this belief system proposes morals as not being beneficial to a business association. It appears that organizations with moral practices record low or steady benefits, and subsequently, most chiefs despite everything depend on the conventional methods of improving benefit levels of an association. On an increasingly positive angle, morals improves the benefit levels of a business firm through different ways. Models from the business field d emonstrate that there is a positive connection between's a firm’s exercises, moral practices, and the firm’s primary concern results. The notoriety of a business as far as moral business exercises can be a significant wellspring of upper hand in the business section. The most significant manners by which morals contributes towards productivity of an organization is through the minimization of the expense of business exchanges, development of an establishment of trust with partners, and support of social capital. All the more in this way, exclusive requirements of a firm’s morals contribute towards an inner situation of fruitful collaboration among workers which, thusly, sway the benefit levels. As indicated by different examinations, organizations saw as moral by organization partners, for example, workers, open, clients, and providers, appreciate a few upper hands. These upper hands in the business network incorporate more elevated levels of duty, more elevated levels of productivity in activities, and expanded degrees of

Which learning style the teachers should use to teach language Free Essays

Knowing understudies way is extremely of import. That since it encourages students to be dynamic researchers. This review design is to hold a profound articulation in students ‘ way in ADU and which way they lean toward a lot. We will compose a custom paper test on Which learning style the instructors should use to educate language or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Also, which larning way the educators ought to use to learn etymological correspondence and is at that place an alternate between the three habits of larning. Study was led in 20 respondents from Abu Dhabi University. The scrutinizing of results demonstrated that understudies want to use visual way substantially more than others way. Presentation Students have various habits, perspectives, practices, thoughts, and positions. Everybody acts orchestrating to his ain character. Additionally, every researcher has his ain way to represent or determine data. There are three habits that researchers use to infer data ; they are visual, audile and material. Students have various approaches to determine data, a few researchers want to examine totally and others like to break down in gatherings. Something else, teachers should be acquainted with students ‘ habits on the grounds that cognizing understudies ‘ habits will do control of the educator progressively comfortable. Moreover, it will raise the students ‘ open introduction inside the classification room. Articulation of employment Which way is the best 1 for ADU students? Proclamation of expectation Decide students ‘ habits and happen fit approaches to do understudies infer data simple and benefit from their educators. 2 Inclining habits definition Everybody has his ain way to appear or get informations. Learning habits can be characterized as a few assaults or methods for obtaining. Also, it tends to be depicted as a single conduct, exercises and characteristics that show up on the researcher character when technique of procurement is going on. As a matter of fact, it is a kind of methods that empowers the researcher to larn in a best way. ( Wikipedia, 2009 ) People groups have various habits of thought and various methods for stand foring data. The word way is utilized in semantic correspondence to portray contrasts between individuals. Style can be depicted as single characteristics, exercises and conduct that show up on the researcher character during larning system. Style has a significant impact in various parts on human character, for example, character, conduct, information, perceptual experience, larning and rationale. I imagine that the researcher himself can decide his ain way. For delineation, if the researcher has a feeble character ; he will non pull off to show his musings and participate with different researchers. Be that as it may, if the researcher has a solid character ; he will be effective in his procurement trip. Understudies with solid character demonstrate high taking care of semantic correspondence. ( Robert, 2000 ) At the point when I move to the school, I see various sorts of understudies ; they are from India, Egypt, Sudan, Syria, Oman and so on. Every one has his ain habits ; some of them like to dissect in gatherings and other like to break down altogether. In any case ; larning habits can be not quite the same as individual to person. Kinds of securing habits In this life, there are a clump of contrasts ; individuals have various perspectives, conduct, insight and various habits. In larning, we have various sorts of obtaining habits. There are three kinds of procurement habits, visual, audile, and material or kinaesthetic. Visual way Students who utilize this kind of way ; they regularly learn data or data through observing things. They incline toward educator who utilizes the writing slate or the projector to 3 present the central focuses or the person who gives a lineation about the discussion. Additionally, they want to break down completely without anyone else in a very room. These researchers every now and again observe data in their minds when they are looking to recover something. In addition, they have to see the natural structure etymological correspondence of the educator and follow facial looks. In add-on, they want to put at the forepart of the class and dodge obstructors ( for example understudies head ) . Al thought, these researchers will in general use pictures more and rely upon visual show, for example, graphs, picture, outline, and official statement. In addition, these researchers utilize their ain inventiveness to show their feeling like picture and other humanistic orders. In add-on, to have the option to get data ; they draw images and pictures on cards to recall data when they need it. Also, they use shading pens to closer view boss contemplations. Besides, visual researchers use outlines and charts to ease callback. ( Suzanne, 2000 ) Sound-related way Students who utilize this kind of way ; they typically rely upon hearing to get data. They learn best through tuning in to other people, treatment, and verbal talks. Sound-related researchers acknowledge or gain criticalness of address through tuning in to manner of speaking, pitch and speed of the talker. Once in a while composed data may hold little planning in the event that they hear it. Moreover, these researchers may get or benefit from perusing writings so anyone might hear and using copying gear. In add-on, audile researchers like to partake and communicate with different researchers ; they typically pay additionally going to for the talker whether the teacher or a mate. While dissecting, try to occur for yourself a wanderer room where you wo n’t inconvenience oneselfing anybody and read your notes or content release so anyone might hear. Additionally, you can use copying hardware to enter your discussions. Al however, holding chats on a copy empower you to fix for tes ts in an overall quite simple way. ( Shannon, 2006-2010 ) Material or kinaesthetic way Material researchers learn data or data on the off chance that they are genuinely locked in. These researchers learn best by following the instructor movement inside the schoolroom. Material students appear to be increasingly dynamic to follow the educator natural structure etymological correspondence. Additionally, these researchers appear to be increasingly dynamic in they study hall, they set at the forepart seats and they observe 4 without taking thoughtfulness regarding syntactic mistakes. While breaking down, set at the forepart seats and take notes without taking consideration of syntactic mistakes or forming uncomplete sentences. Other than you can pull pictures or outlines to help you recover data. ( corina,1999-2010 ) Scientific classification of securing habits Students utilize various approaches to larn about any theme. Fitting to a few clinicians, there are seven explicit kinds of obtaining habits. In guidance, educators should discover sort of researchers that they have and select the best way which suite their researchers requests. Semantic: in this sort, the researchers want to peruse, make and state stories. They show a high level of remembering topographic focuses, informations, and names, and are regularly amazing you in their methods for happening the data. Additionally, they have a solid capacity to recall data you have let them know, word by word. These understudies learn best through visual observation, expressing and hearing. In any case educator should boldness them to be increasingly originative by helping them to make down words, expresses and elevating them to partition their musings with different mates. ( Stacy, 2001 ) Sensible: researchers are fixated of numerical occupations. They like to work out employments especially in the event that they are identified with math. These students create coherent idea. Their main issues are the means by which things work, why things identify with each other and why things are here. This kind of students learn best by examining, separate and happening connections between things. ( Stacy, 2001 ) Instructor should fearlessness and help them by demoing them how to happen connections between things. For representation, what is the outcome of contamination? A few understudies may happen that it has a negative result on individual health and other may state it has a negative outcome on enliven creatures and so on. By demoing them how to happen connections between things ; they will get semantic correspondence and they will be originative. Spatial: these are the imaginers. They spend their clasp in woolgathering, watching others and staying off from existent life. This kind of students likes to work with colourss, pictures and use head oculus. 5 On the off chance that you feel that they are less roused, you can ask them to pull a picture thus ask them to talk about it. You will perceive that they are more take leaving behind you, since picture for them is everything. Instructor should fearlessness their imaginative capacities and permits them to show their feels, thoughts, and contemplations by demoing them how to make that. ( Stacy, 2001 ) Melodic: in the event that you notice that you have an understudy, who likes to sing all the clasp, so this student is a melodic researcher. This kind of researcher love everything identifies with music, they want to hear music while strolling, dissecting and eating etc†¦ Besides, this sort of researchers is acceptable in distinguishing pitches, beat, and inside informations. ( Stacy, 2001 ) As I said previously, they like to larn best through beat so instructor ought to oblige his technique for learning with their way. For delineation, while perusing any change, he can set a vocal for them. This kind of understudies needs the educator to use strategies which are identified with music. For delineation, to trip their recollections, he can ask them to make a vocal about the exercise. In any case, music ought to non be eating up cut talk or that will pass on awful impacts. Substantial: this kind of researchers relies upon natural structure to get the etymological correspondence. They like to stroll around the class, break down everything and they use body etymological correspondence to show their contemplations, thoughts and emotions. They like to play any kind of games rather than plunk down and read a book. ( Stacy, 2001 ) Instructor should keep up them dynamic all the clasp by playing with them word games, have spell

Analysis of Indian Rupee against US Dollar - 825 Words

Analysis of Indian Rupee against US Dollar (Essay Sample) Content: Name: Tutor: Date: Course: Analysis of Indian Rupee against US Dollar There has been a great deterioration of the Indian Rupee from 2006 to 2010. The sharp depreciation of the Indian currency has led to difficulties in the transition if Indian domestic economy that has been accompanied by a period of high inflation, low growth as well as the widening of the account deficit (Araf 128). During the period, the currency plummeted to an all-time low close to 70 dollar mark. The rupee remained down nearly 50% in the period of five years ending with 2010. That slide in the rupee has got a direct link to global factors and particularly due to the strengthening of the US dollar as well as the signal from the US that it is likely to start down spending which is a stimulus. However, the low rate of local economic growth over the five years together with weak investment cycle has contributed to the poor performance of the Indian currency. Over that period of five years, the Indian Foreign Exchange Market ended up undergoing great changes. The changes in the Foreign Exchange Market are paramount in the substantial volatility of the Indian Rupee that caused the depreciation of the currency against major currencies that have been dominating in the international market. Several macroeconomic variables have thus led to the acute variations in the exchange rate of Indian currency against the US dollar (Kar and Sarkar 52). The forceful and significant deterioration in the Indian Rupee's exchange rate has resulted in some sectors being badly affected. Heavy import companies that have got little relative exposure on export have been victims of Rupee turmoil. The companies that have been at the top of the list of the highly affected include Petroleum companies, IT giants, and the automotive manufacturers. A continued spell of the Rupee's weakness has the likelihood of widening the account deficit in India that has been among the greatest concerns for the country over the period of five years. The increased depreciation of the Indian currency during the period resulted in uncertainty in the business environment. Moreover, volatility in the pair of USD/INR comes along with additional risk for corporate that has got substantial exposure to the expenses and incomes of foreign exchange (Sharma and Setia 321). An Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) is a fund investment holding assets among which is commodities, stocks or even bonds and is traded on the stock exchanges. ETFs are in most of the cases attractive investments due to their reduced costs a together with the efficiency of tax. They are among the most popular types of exchange-traded product. ETFs have continuously gained favor in the financial markets globally (Kar and Sarkar 69). For instance, Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) to be specific have been using ETFs for the purpose of gaining exposure in the emerging markets. In India, the presence of ETFs has continued to be felt. Among the disinvestment modes that Indian government has proposed for public sector undertakings (PSUs). As can be noted, several India-specific ETFs that have been in existence in US that includes iShares MSCI India ETF, PowerShares India Portfolio and WisdomTree India Earnings Funds has been concentration on Indian stocks exclusively. The offshore equity funds' assets and the India-focused ETFs were USD 55.84 billion in 2010. ETFs come along with some advantages as compared to the traditional mutual funds. For instance, they have reduced expense ratio, transparency, tax efficiency, flexibility in trading not to forget the exposure to diverse classes of assets (Karuthedath and Shanmugasundaram 78). The expense ratios of the mutual fund are higher than those of ETFs a result of entry and the exit loads. It is worth noting that In India, the country has banned mutual funds entry loads and the exit funds are non-existence. Thus, EFTs can be traded just like stocks all the day long while accessing of the open-ended mutual funds is only possible at the end of the day. For the period of five years ending with 2010, India has had an interesting experience with the movement of its currency against US dollar. India has been the only nation that has remained isolated from globalization's tidal wa...

Evaluate the Effectiveness of Australian Government...

Evaluate the effectiveness of Australian Government economic policies in achieving their objectives. The government implements an economic policy mix involving macroeconomic and microeconomic policy in order to achieve their objectives. The three main objectives include: †¢ Internal stability – low inflation (price stability) and full employment †¢ External stability – stable exchange rate, a sustainable level of foreign debt and the current account deficit (CAD) ï  ©Ã¯  §Ã¯  ¨ †¢ Economic growth Other government objectives include equal distribution of income and environmental management. Though, it is evident that not all of these objectives can be achieved simultaneously as some are conflicting. Thus the government must trade-off some of†¦show more content†¦Another form of macroeconomic policy is fiscal policy, which involves the use of the Commonwealth Government’s budget in order to achieve the Government economic objectives. By varying the amount of government spending and revenue, the government can effectively alter the level of economic activity, which in turn will influence economic growth, inflation, unemployment and the external indicators of the economy. The fiscal instrument is the budget, an annual statement from the government dealing with its income and expenditure plan for the next financial year. Fiscal Policy is an effective tool which can target specific sectors of the economy such as individual industries, unlike monetary policy which affects the economy as a whole; this is why the government implements a policy mix. An indication of the overall impact of fiscal policy (FP) on the state of the economy is the fiscal outcome. The three possible outcomes include a fiscal surplus (positive balance where government expenditure exceeds revenue), fiscal deficit (a negative balance where government revenue exceeds expenditure), and fiscal balance (a zero balance where total government revenue equals expenditure). The main aim of fiscal policy is to achieve fiscal balance, on average, over the course of the economic cycle. The Howard Government targeted a fiscal surplus of 1% of GDP, whereas the current Rudd Government has raised this target to 1.5% of GDP,Show MoreRelatedThe Concept of Equity of Access in the Australian Healthcare System2439 Words   |  10 PagesThe Australian health care system is founded on the concept of equity of Access. Discuss this Statement with relation to the concepts of Effectiveness and efficiency and any interrelation that may exist. 1. Introduction: As Stated in the National Health Reform Agreement-Equity of Access is the fundamental base of the Australian Health Care System (DHA. 2013a). Effectiveness, which focuses on ratio of outputs to outcomes and efficiency, which defines as achieving maximum outputs with available inputsRead MoreQuestions On Opportunity Cost And The Margin And Give An Example Of How They Are Used By Economists2725 Words   |  11 Pagesof consumer satisfaction. Economists use opportunity costs and marginal costs and utility to set priorities. â€Å"Priority setting is about making choices based on resource limitations; not only choosing what to do but also what not to do† (Centre for Policy and Development, 2006). For instance, if a department in a hospital is given extra funding, the decision of what it should be put towards depends on opportunity and marginal costs, to determine the optimal allocation of funds and resources. The extraRead MoreLegal Studies8128 Words   |  33 Pagescriminal law †¢ the extent to which law reflects moral and ethical standards †¢ the role of law reform in the criminal justice system †¢ the extent to which the law balances the rights of victims, offenders and society †¢ the effectiveness of legal and non-legal measures in achieving justice. Students learn about: 1.1.0 The nature of crime 1.1.1 the meaning of crime First of (any act or omission of duty resulting in harm to society that is punishable by the state. it seems quite clear but there isRead MoreResults Based Monitoring And Evaluation2044 Words   |  9 Pagesextensive management reforms in responding social, political and economic pressures that were triggered by the factors of globalisation, budget deficits, structural adjustments and competitiveness (Binnendijk, 2000). Central feature to most of those reforms has been an emphasis on ‘performance improvement’ and ‘achievement of targeted/expected results’ which were the core features of RBM. RBM has been used by many development agencies, governments, and donor agencies in delivering development interventionsRead MoreAccountability and Stewardship9014 Words   |  37 PagesTable of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Accountability 4 2.1 Definition 4 2.2 Objective of Accountability 6 2.3 Principle for Effective Accountability 7 2.4 Types of Accountability 8 2.5 Components of Accountability 13 2.6 Accountability Model in Malaysian Government 15 2.7 Efforts towards achieving Accountability 17 2.8 The impact of lack of accountability 19 2.9 Problems/Challenges to achieve Accountability 21 2.10 Recommendation to improve Accountability 24 2.11 InformationRead MoreThe Ottawa Charter and Health Promotion2462 Words   |  10 Pagesdeveloping personal skills, creating supportive environments, strengthening community actions, re-orienting health services and building public healthy policy. Various health promotion strategies that have proliferated primarily because of the charter include; Closing the Gap, National Chronic Disease Strategy 2005 and Aged Care Access Initiative. In achieving a better state of health, the prerequisites of health that have been established include; to advocate, enable and mediate. The historical significanceRead MoreSOLUTIONS MANUAL to accompany MODERN AUDITING ASSURANCE SERVICES4904 Words   |  20 Pagesincreasing risks to independence. Increased government regulations and professional regulations regarding the tasks performed, quality control and scope of auditors’ work. Increased acceptance of the importance of auditor independence. 1.2 What role does ASIC have in the regulation of auditors? ASIC has a significant role in the regulation of auditors. ASIC is the statutory administrative body for the enforcement of the Corporations Act 2001. Government regulation is exercised through ASIC’sRead MoreEssay about Anz Offshoring Strategy4554 Words   |  19 PagesANZ | OFFSHORING Background This strategic report of ANZ’s offshoring strategy examines the effectiveness and drivers of ANZ’s decision to move towards outsourcing internationally, analyses the impact of ANZ’s offshore programs on stakeholders, explores key risks and opportunities and evaluates the success of ANZ’s offshore system. A | Strategy Analysis February 2012 saw ANZ confirm job cuts to 492 permanent employees, 100 of these positions to be moved overseas. In early 2013, ANZ againRead MoreMarketing Environment And Strategy Of Aesop2668 Words   |  11 Pages The main objective of this marketing plan is to introduce the products of Aesop to the global markets. It becomes essential to analyze and research the product as well as the market in order to create a stronger strategy fit and align all of the marketing activities and efforts to the marketing goals and needs of the potential consumers. Identification of appropriate segments and markets is an essential foundation for the success of the product and the organization. The Australian market is extremelyRead MoreGroup Assessment Essay4297 Words   |  18 Pages 2 ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT............................................................................3 3. ADVANTAGES OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT............................................................3 3.1 Cost and Time Effectiveness................................................................................................3 3.2 A Competitive Advantage....................................................................................................3 3.3 Managing Disputes

The Secret Messages Of Advertising - 1003 Words

Secret messages in advertising In today’s society, we see many persuasive languages, pictures, and videos being used in advertisements in order to grasp its consumers to buy their products. Advertisements can be seen throughout history, dating back as far when Egyptians once ruled. They used many of the techniques of ad appeals used today. Advertisements can be seen in our everyday lives, even though we might not really notice them. We might not be very perceptible to them, but they are there to get our attention. Companies spend billions of dollars each year on advertising publicly in ads and media sources. They spend billions because they know that this is the only way that they can make more money off their investment in ads. In Jib†¦show more content†¦That exhilarating feeling we get when we watch these car commercials. They make us feel rich, powerful, and successful whenever we buy these cars. It’s engraved in our minds that this is what American dreams are all about. They use many mind-sensing appeals to get you to buy their products. They really make us feel that we are testing their product out. Many beer companies can get the consumer by displaying sex appeals. They put half naked women in their ads to get the audience s immediate attention. It really makes the consumer feel like they will have â€Å"hot women† to talk to when they consume their products. Companies can also use emotional appeals as well, such as showing skinny, deprived, hungry children in TV commercials. They reach out into our minds and make us feel that we should have a heart for these poor children. This is a positive way to persuade people to donate money to those who are in dire need of help. A recent analysis I did of an emotional appeal in â€Å"OK† magazine shows two manatees, one is the mother and the other is the son/daughter. They show them really close together. They are bonding together much like us. This shows an emotional situation where the mother and baby are bonding together as she is her nurturer (Tyler et al 58). We can both relate as humans when we give care for our children. This shows that they should also be treated as humans and because of that, they are being killed by toxic algae, polluted water, and boatShow MoreRelatedThe Secret Of Marketing Your Business Successfully !1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe Secret to Marketing Your Business Successfully! By Terry C Misfeldt | Submitted On June 05, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Terry C Misfeldt There is a secret to marketing yourRead More Subliminal perception Essay1404 Words   |  6 Pages Deceiving Messages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When we think about subliminal perception we usually think of a big publicity stunt for a company. What many people don’t know is that subliminal perception can really be effective. Any person might say, â€Å"Naw, I can’t fall for that I’m not stupid enough to fall into their trap.† For most other cases subliminal perception will attack a person in their sub-conscious state of mind. In one form or anther, subliminal perception takes many forms. It couldRead MoreThe Ladies Room Commercial By Secret Deodorant1601 Words   |  7 PagesCourage can be found in the most unexpected places. In the ladies room commercial by Secret deodorant. Dana, a transgender female feels discomfort while leaving the restroom after she hears a group of women enter. She then stays in the restroom, and finally finds the courage to go outside. This commercial illustrates the fear that members of the transgender community face in a seemingly non harmful pla ce like the restroom. Through appeal to higher order needs, credibility and appeal to broad culturalRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Its Effect On Society966 Words   |  4 Pagesmasculine, sexually appealing, and dominant. A company’s main goal when advertising their product, is to capture the targeted audience’s attention in hopes of increasing sales. Advertisers accomplish this goal by developing strong marketing strategies that typically go to extreme measures in order to achieve the ‘ideals’. Two popular companies that exceed strong marketing strategies through their advertising are Victoria’s Secret and Calvin Klein. These images are very similar to one another becauseRead MoreGraphic Design in the Early 20th Century1461 Words   |  6 Pagesbook design or advertising related to its contemporary socio-economic or political context. Refer to examples in the early 20th century.† Graphic Design in the early 20th century was created by artists as a prescribed function of advertising and propaganda, and was considered a secondary art form. Through the use of lithographic printing, woodblock prints, chromolithography, drawing and painting, many artists were able to produce striking images on posters, which conveyed messages that were directlyRead MoreThe Problem About Using Sex in Advertisements Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertising is an important form of communication between products and customers. How to get viewers’ attention is first thing need to consider for advertising. Sexual appeal is become very useful tool in advertising, and it use is increasing. The sex appeal has a very long history, the first sex appeal advertising was introduced in 1911 by Woodbury’s Facial Soap (Campaign,2014). Once this advertising is released it has caused an enormous controversy, it is considered so risquà © and inappropriateRead MoreFear and Sex Appeal of Advertising810 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Advertising: Appeals to fear and sex Above all else, advertising is designed to get peoples attention. It is not designed to be particularly moral or ethical in its orientation. That is why advertising often appeals to such base, human instincts as fear and sex. The sexual element of the one-sided appeal of the Secret Deodorant commercial entitled Fear of Being Exposed is evidenced by the use of a young, slender beautiful woman in a party dress lifting up her arms and looking seductivelyRead MoreThe Magazine And Interest Sources Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesmagazine is a fashion magazine that consist of fashion, beauty, dating, and health tips. The magazines varied from teens, adult magazine and beauty. I used six internet sources for additional advertisements online. I used four different blogs, Victoria Secret, and CBS network. The selection of magazines and internet sources targeted women of different ages and topics. A significant amount of the sources for women seem to have the same subject matter, such as bea uty, fashion, relationship advice, and celebritiesRead MoreArticle Review of David Aakers Secrets of Social Media Revealed in 19661037 Words   |  4 PagesBusinessweek article review Aaker, David. (2012). Secrets of social media revealed in 1966. Businessweek. Retrieved: http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/jun2011/ca20110617_657629.htm According to the article Secrets of social media revealed in 1966 by David Aaker in Businessweek, many of the current principles embodied in Internet marketing were known amongst savvy persuaders even before the current technological age. A 1966 study by Ernest Dichter revealed that word-of-mouth persuasionRead MoreMedia Has Too Much Pressure On Girls1169 Words   |  5 Pageslifestyle. She became anorexic and weighed only about eighty pounds. What gave her and other young girls this idea that to be pretty you also have to be thin? Many believe it is the media (â€Å"Thought I Was Fat and Ugly†). That media could be television, advertising, or magazines. The media has put too much pressure on girls to have â€Å"perfect† bodies because of how much television we watch, companies using models that are much smaller than the average American woman, and many young girls are not satisfied with

Corporate Governance Practices Bangladesh -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Corporate Governance Practices Bangladesh? Answer: Introduction A socially responsible business (SRB) is a business whose aim is to create positive transformations in the society and contribute to its stakeholders including the local community along with its focus on profit maximization. The SRB is a profit oriented as well as it is socially accountable. It targets not only to gain financially but also aims to develop the wellbeing of the community (EY, 2015). Through SRB, the company can involve with the community in which it operates. It directs the company to minimize the hazards of its activities on the community and to contribute positively to the society. SRB assists the company to create a market space for itself. The company can form partnerships and alliance with the local community and team up with the NGO to fulfill its mission. It is a socially responsible activity and aims to create a long term relationship with the society (Mahmud Ara ,2015). In this context, certain companies have adopted SRB approach .Some of them are: General Electric: The GE foundation donated $88 Million to community and educational programs in 2016. The employees and retirees had also contributed through the organizations matching gift programs. Also, the companys Developing Health program aims at providing medical facilities around the world. Deloitte: The organization is committed to create a societal change and environmental sustainability working along with government and non-profit organizations. It motivates its employees to contribute to pro bono work (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2016). As the vision of Grameen Bank states, Banking for the Poor and its mission statement is to provide financial services to the poor for enabling them to realize their potential and bring them out from the vicious circle of poverty. It is focused towards empowering the poor especially women (Grameen Foundation, n.d.) Grameen Bank is a bank which provides microfinance to the poor and downtrodden. It supports the development of the community and grants small loans to the poor without any collateral security. It was founded in Bangladesh in 1976 by Professor Muhammad Yunus. It has created a system free from collateral which is opposite to the conventional banking practices. Its mechanism is based on mutual faith, responsibility, participation and creativity. It serves as a promoter in the development of the socio economic conditions of the poorest of the poor in Bangladesh. For its Low -Cost Housing Program the bank won the World habitat Award in 1998. In 2006, the bank along with its founder jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize. So, with its focus on the development of the financial, agricultural and health services by using digital technology to upgrade the lives of the poor, especially women , it can surely be called as a Socially Responsible Business Enterprise (Grameen Bank, 2018). An ethical dilemma or ethical paradox occurs when the individual has to select between two unfavorable alternatives. It is a decision making problem being two possible moral options neither of which are acceptable or preferable. The complication arises when opting for one solution would result in contravening other. There are certain features of ethical dilemma. Conditions when the individuals have to select the best course of action can be called as ethical dilemmas. Secondly, there must be a various course of actions to choose from. Thirdly, no matter which course of action is opted, some ethical principle is compromised. Thus, ethical dilemma has various options to choose from and it has multiple and undefined outcomes. It is not an easy choice to select between right and wrong (Mahmood Islam, 2015). The ethical dilemma can be explained with the help of some examples. When the social worker with the expertise of mental health care services, in a village is confronted by the client who is suffering from agoraphobia, an anxiety disorder with a fear of open and public places. If the clinician denies treating the patient on the ground of incompetence, it would create an ethical dilemma with his commitment to boost the wellbeing of the clients. In this case, the ethical paradox can be resolved by accepting the case and treating the patient by training himself in this area (Sustainable Development Knowledge platform, 2017). Certain allegations were claimed against Grameen Bank and its founder that he treated the bank as his personal property and used it to generate income for himself .Also, Dr. Yunus was accused of averting huge funds to a business and using the brand name of Grameen for developing many businesses. They claimed that the bank is sucking blood from the poor by charging interest rates as high as 30%. But in reality, the rates of interest on microfinance loans were less than 20%. The Grameen Bank offered loans at different interest rates which are as follows: Income generating loans were charged at 20%. House building loans were charged at 8%. Educational loans were charged at 5% (payable after completing the education). Loans to economically struggling family were granted at 0% (Grameen Bank, 2016). So, the bank and its founder were faced with the ethical dilemma and allegation of diverting the banks funds and charging higher interest rates than the Private Commercial Banks (PCB).The PCBs charged around 14 % on their loans. On the contrary the Grameen Bank charged 20% on the income generating loans. However, the income generating loans were structured for the economically rich classes which were capable to borrow the loans from PCBs as well. But it charged 0% interest from the economically backward classes which fulfilled its vision of Banking for the Poor (Adair Berguiga, 2015). Bangladesh has a strong political governance framework in the areas of financial management, fiscal reporting and watchdog institutions. Programs such as Strengthening Public Expenditure Management Program (SPEMP) and Bangladesh Local Governance support Project (LGSP) have been strengthening the financial management reforms and audit capacity of the banking institutions. According to Habib (2016) in December, 2010, Dr. Yunus was accused of averting the funds to the other businesses and using the brand name of Grameen to develop other businesses. It affected the governance of Grameen Bank after this ethical dilemma. The Bangladesh Government formulated a committee to monitor the activities of the bank. The Finance Minister of Bangladesh Mr. A.M.A. Muhith claimed that Dr. Yunus whose age was 70 at that time, should hand over the administration of the bank to others. He argued that as per the countrys banking rules, the retirement age of executives is 65. As a result, Bangladesh Central Bank passed an order to remove Dr. Yunus from the post of Managing Director, as he has crossed the retirement age. The High Court also rejected his writ petitions claiming the legality of the Central Banks action. The appeal is pending before the Supreme Court (Adamek, 2014). Corporate Governance can be defined as the mechanism which is able to recognize the basic values of society such as economic, political and socio-cultural including the human rights. The political governance of Bangladesh can be improved by implementing the components of Good Governance in the following ways: All the citizens of the country should have the right to participate in the decision making process directly or indirectly through intermediaries which represent them. The public representatives should have a broad and long term perspective on good governance. The institutions and processes should be able to serve the stakeholders and must be capable to meet the necessities while making the best use of resources. The decision making authority in the government and the public sector should be accountable to the public. All the citizens irrespective of their gender should be able to improve their living standards .The laws and regulations should be fair and applied impartially (Hossain, Enam Hasan, 2017). The principles of Corporate Governance to be applied for improving the governance of Grameen Bank are as follows: The bank should follow the rules and regulations framed for the administration of microfinance organizations by the government of the country. The information regarding the decision making should be easily accessible to those who are affected by such decisions and enforcements. All the members of the bank should feel that they have a share in the banks performance and decision making. In order to achieve good governance and to ensure sustainable human development, actions must be taken to make it a reality (Hudon Sandberg, 2013). References Adair, P. Berguiga, I. (2015).The interest rates and performance of MFIs in the MENA region: is there a moral issue? Ethics and Economics, 12(2). Adamek,J.(2014).Ethics of Microfinance in the Perspective of Profit as the Element Influencing Microloan Interest Rate Selected Problems. Finance and Accounting Theory and Practice, 351. EY (2015). Client protection in microfinance the current state of law and regulation. Retrieved from https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-client-protection-in-microfinance/$FILE/EY-client-protection-in-microfinance.pdf on 11th February, 2018. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. Ferrell (2016). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making Cases. Cengage Learning. Grameen Bank(2016) Annual R e p o r t 2016. Retrieved from https://www.grameen.com/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-manager/GB-AR-2016_34.pdf on 11th February, 2018. Grameen Bank(2018). Introduction. Retrieved from https://www.grameen.com/introduction/ on 11th February, 2018. Grameen Foundation (n.d.). Mission. Retrieved from https://www.grameenfoundation.org/about on 11th February, 2018. Habib, H. (2016). Bangladesh: crisis of the Grameen Bank. The Hindu. Retrieved from https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/Bangladesh-crisis-of-the-Grameen-Bank/article14670642.ece on 11th February, 2018. Hossain, M. Z., Enam, F. Hasan, M.R.(2017). The Role of Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in Organizational Excellence: The Case of Grameen Bank. Open Journal of Business and Management, 5, 119-130. Hudon,M. Sandberg, J.(2013).The Ethical Crisis in Microfinance: Issues, Findings, and Implications. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(4), 561589. Mahmood, R. Islam, M.M. (2015).Practices of Corporate Governance in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh. International Journal of Managing Value and Supply Chains, 6(3), 17-29. Mahmud ,S. Ara , J.(2015). Corporate Governance Practices in Bangladesh: An Overview of its Present Scenario in Banking Industry. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(12), 408-425. Sustainable Development Knowledge platform (2017). A New Transformation Path. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/memberstates/bangladesh on 11th February,

Mencius Views on Human Nature free essay sample

He was believed to have similar view to the philosopher Confucius, and he had a strong view on human nature. Mencius believed that human nature was intrinsically benevolent. Mencius believed that people had four virtues that drove their thoughts and actions. Mencius is quoted to say, â€Å"Therefore, it can be suggested that without a mind of commiseration is not human, that a person without a mind of mortification is not human, that a person without a mind of conciliation is not human, and that a person without a mind of discernment is not human. The mind of commiseration is the driving force of benevolence. The mind of mortification is the driving force of righteousness. The mind of conciliation is the driving force of propriety. The mind of discernment is the driving force of wisdom. A person has these four driving forces, just the same as he has four limbs. † (Mencius, Book VI) These four virtues were applied to all men. We will write a custom essay sample on Mencius Views on Human Nature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Which indicated that Mencius thought no man was born having an inherently bad human nature. This can be backed up when Mencius talks to Kao Tzu about human nature. Kao Tzu thought that humans were like â€Å"whirling water,† that they do not show any preference for good nor for bad, just as whirling water does not. Mencius states that, â€Å"water does not show any preference for either east or west, but does it show the same indifference to high and low? Human nature is good just as water seeks low ground. There is no man who is not good; there is no water that does not flow downward. † (Mencius, Book IV) From these two examples we can see that Mencius could easily be called an extremist on his view of inherently good human nature. Another view of Mencius is that righteousness is internal rather than external. This can be compared to the views of Confucius on Filial Piety. In book six, section five, Mencius asks Kao Tzu, â€Å"Which do you respect, your uncle or your younger brother? He will say, â€Å"My uncle. † â€Å"When your younger brother is impersonating an ancestor at a sacrifice, then which do you respect? † He will say, â€Å"My younger brother. † You ask him, â€Å"What has happened to your respect for your uncle? † He will say, â€Å"It is because of the position my younger brother occupies. † Confucius would agree and disagree with Mencius’ view. Confucius would put more emphasis on the fact that his uncle takes precedence over his younger brother, but he would also agree that the elder’s respect naturally comes before the younger. The philosopher Xunzi would very much disagree with Mencius. Xunzi believes that human nature is inherently bad. He disagrees with Mencius belief that because humans learn they are good. He thinks Mencius never understood human nature and never came to the realization that human nature differs from conscious actions. Xunzi’s view is that nature is given by heaven and cannot be learned, and that conscious activity can be learned. He proves this by saying when a man is hungry he will eat, but if he is in presence of his elder he will wait to eat until his elder had eaten. The man eating when he is hungry is evidence that human nature does what needs to be done and is not taught, but when the man waits to eat until his elder has eaten (a good act), that is conscious activity and it is taught. Therefore, in the view of human nature Mencius and Xunzi differ very much. I disagree with Mencius’ view on human nature. Having heard of and seen the many negative actions of humans I believe that human nature is inherently bad. Therefore, I have a preference more towards Xunzi’s view.

Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas Essay examples

Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas Essay examples Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas Essay examples Microsoft has been around for quite some time; in fact throughout this time they have proceeded to dominate the globe. Their products reach every part of every continent. With thousands of employees ethical dilemmas take place every day. What might be ethically correct here in America may be a slap in the face to the Chinese. As one would presume ethical dilemmas can easily arise into conflict in an instant. How can one determine who is right and what decision is the best to go with, and further more by satisfying a conflict between two how do you know you haven’t pissed off another? Microsoft must be extremely carefully in this juggling act to make sure that the ethical provisions in whatever part of the globe they encompass are treated with the dignity and respect that the culture desires. Ethics within different society’s will vary so it will depend on Microsoft to respond adequately to different scenarios. Microsoft is a global technology company who has risen quickly and became one of the greatest companies in the world. They employ only three billionaires but also employee over 12,000 millionaires throughout the globe. Microsoft technology has made communication possible worldwide and seems to have effectively bridged the gap between the outside world. Technology has its global reach and brings the subject matter relevance, cross cultural ethics within a global organization such as Microsoft. Microsoft like many other global companies has staff committed to

Homework 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Homework 3 - Essay Example The physical stimulus of temperature is transduced in the development so as to modulate the expression of the genes coding for steroid genic enzymes and sex steroid hormone receptors. In the temperature dependent sex determination, every individual possesses an equal ability of becoming either male or female. Temperature triggers the activation of one sex-determining cascade. Temperature dependent sex determination is an evolutionary precursor to the genotype sex-determining mechanisms, mainly characteristic of birds and mammals (Becker 249). Exogenous estrogens are used in embryos for the production of females at temperatures that produce only males. On the other hand, an aromatase inhibitor is administered to produce males at temperatures that produce only females. Aromatase is administered since it is the key enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens (Valenzuela & Lance 211-227). In the temperature dependent sex determination, temperature is the regulatory factor that determines the sex of the organisms. It is during the incubation period that the temperature is controlled in favor of the desired sex. The method has proved to be efficient form of environmental sex determination

Children Training Techniques Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children Training Techniques - Case Study Example The students themselves are also the primary stakeholders since they are the ones undergoing the exercise. 4. The possible health professionals that can be incorporated into this program are the dieticians. These people know the correct diet that can be consumed by the people so that they can lead a healthy lifestyle. They can advise the students on the type of food they can consume. Communication- in order to communicate effectively, the trainer should use simple language and he should also be a good listener to the children. He should also use non-verbal communication such as body language to communicate with the participants. The trainer should take note of the fact that some signs used for non verbal communication differ from place to place. The trainer should be careful with regards to use of hand signals and facial expressions. The trainer should make sure that every participant is wearing the correct type of attire required for a particular activity. He must also make sure that the training area is free from obstacles that can harm the participants. As a trainer, it is appropriate to model appropriate behaviour among the participants. This will make it easier for him to control them. This can also help to create mutual understanding among the people involved. A trainer should appeal to the interests of the children by asking them to give their ideas so as to implement new suggestions. The trainer should not do all the talking but should give a platform to the children who can also air their own views and suggestions. The children can be encouraged to accept value difference by telling them that people are different but they are also capable of doing something meaningful in their lives. This can be done in a different way. The trainer can encourage the children to think further than what they are told since this will not limit their ideas in doing something. If the children are given

Ethnic and Racial Group overview Essay Example for Free

Ethnic and Racial Group overview Essay While I have always believed myself to be reasonably educated about racial diversity, and non-prejudice against those who come from different ethnic backgrounds than my own, this course has taught me that there is much more to the history and reality of Americas struggle to overcome the all too real problem that is prejudice and discrimination. I have learned much about my own background and history that I was not previously aware of as well. The history of Prejudice and discrimination in America dates as far back as to the days of slavery. While to most this is a well-known fact, there are a few facts about my own ethnic history that were not well-known to me until I participated in this course. The fact that stands out the most is that German immigrants (such as my own grandparents) suffered a reality of segregation in schools and language barriers, not unlike that of today’s Mexican Americans. German Americans struggled to establish bi-lingual schools because they were a growing population in America, and the need was apparent. Knowing this opens up a whole new perspective of my understanding of just how equal we all really are. Because trends in immigration have grown steadily and will continue to grow well into the future, by the year 2050, the U. S. population will experience a culture of diversity so elaborate, and so completely wide spread; resulting in America having no choice but to unite, or suffer from mass self-destruction of the worst kind. The challenges of such a diverse America will be apparent in many ways, and there will be some of the same issues of discrimination and prejudice that have always been. With all of the different cultures coming together, there will be inevitable language barriers, which will result in a continued issue of segregation among children, and the added challenge of providing them with equal educational opportunities. In the same way that children have to face the challenges of diversity, so do the adults who will face discrimination and possible insufficient opportunity to move forward based on their race. On the other hand, when faced with such diversity, America as a whole will be forced to accept change, and perhaps finally overcome the issues that it has been faced with for so long. The opportunity will rise, with the variety of diversity, to become educated about those who are around us. Because there will be nothing else to do but find a way to work together, or to fail as nation, I think that the way that we all see one another is going to change significantly. The idea that others are inferior in any way to any other individual will begin to fade, because with so much diversity all around, there will not be a majority, nor a minority. Perhaps equality in racial group numbers will finally be the key to unlock the door to a prejudice-free America.

5 Paragragh Essay: The Catcher In The Rye :: essays research papers

From the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, the youthful protagonist Holden Caufield, employs the word â€Å"phony† to describe the behavior of a number of characters including Mr. Spencer and Ossenburger, however it is not them who areâ€Å"phony†, it is the young main character. First, Mr. Spencer, Holden’s ex- history teacher, is not described as phony, but according to the adolescent, his choice of words are. Secondly, according to our main character, Ossenburger is not the generous philanthropist he portrays himself to be, but rather a greedy undertaker. Lastly, the protagonist could quite possibly be the authentic phony. All in all, the main character’s use to describe many other characters in the book is with the single word phony, when in fact the word phony would be the most probable word to describe the lead character. Illustrating Mr. Spencer as phony because of his vocabulary, is when Holden leaves Pencey Prep permanently, and goes to say good-bye to the ex-history teacher. The depicted fake tells the ex-Pencey student â€Å"I had the privilege of meeting your mother and dad when they had their little chat with Dr. Thurmer some weeks ago. They’re grand people†. The ex-Pencey student immediately impugns Mr. Spencer’s use of the word â€Å"grand†, and tells the reader: â€Å"Grand. There’s a word I hate. It’s a phony. I could puke every time I heard it.† To sum up, Holden disgusts Mr. Spencer’s utilization of the word â€Å"grand† and thinks it is fraudulent. Also, Caufield, describes Ossenbuger as phony because of what Holden perceived he did for a living. The wing where the central character lived at Pencey was called the â€Å"Ossenbuger Memorial Wing† named after a men who went to Pencey and later donated a substantial amount of money to the school. Ossenburger makes this income by the â€Å"business of undertaking†. Next, according to our youthful character, Ossenburger is phony because â€Å"he probably just shoves the dead bodies in a bag and throws them in the river†. As a result, Caufield feels that Ossenburger is phony because of his profession in undertaking. While observing the discription of many other characters in the novel as phony, it is safe to say that the phony character is indeed the protagonist. For example, the false character when lying to Mr. Spencer about going to the gym to clear everything out before leaving, is Holden. Once again we see this falsehood, when he tries to hit on some women in a bar, despite thinking the girls are not particularly extraordinary women.

An Introduction for Ryanair

INTRODUCTION Background in Brief Ryanair was established by the Ryan family with a staff of 25. Its first route was launched in 1985 with a 15-seat aircraft ferrying passengers between Waterford in Ireland and London. In 1986, Ryanair launched its route from Dublin to London to challenge British Airways and Aer Lingus, the two dominant airline carriers on that route, by offering fares at lower prices. With two routes in operation, Ryanair carried 82,000 passengers in its first full year of operation. By 1993 Ryanair has carried over 1 million passengers.In 1995 Ryanair overtook Aer Lingus and British Airways to become the biggest international scheduled route carrier in Europe. The Organization Today Ryanair now operates more than 1,500 flights per day from 57 bases on 1,500 low fare routes across 28 countries. It connects 178 destinations and operating a fleet of 305 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft. In 2012, Ryanair had a team of more than 8,500 employees and carried over 78 million pas sengers. Ryanair’s main business is to provide â€Å"low-fare-no filling† airline services.Ryanair also offers various ancillary services including in-flight sale of beverages and food, car hire services, internet-related services etc. To expend its network, Ryanair, which already owns 29. 82% of Aer Lingus in 2012 announced its intention to acquire Aer Lingus by making an all cash offer of â‚ ¬1. 30 per share for its entire share capital. Ryanair recorded a profit of â‚ ¬503 million in 2012 fiscal year, increased 25% compared with year 2011 despite a â‚ ¬367 million rise in fuel costs. Revenues rose 19% to â‚ ¬4325 million as traffic grew 5% to 75. 8 million passengers. Ryanair’s return on equity (ROE) is increased from 12. 7% to 16. % in fiscal 2012. In addition, the company’s free cash flow is increased from â‚ ¬-610. 9m to â‚ ¬702. 7m due to high net income and reduced capital expenditure. Mission Ryanair' mission is to â€Å"become Europe’s most profitable lowest cost airline by rolling out our proven ‘low-fare-no-frills’ service in all markets in which we operate, to the benefit of our passengers, people, and shareholders†. To emphasis its focus on low fares, low frills, the CEO has stated, in response to criticisms of Ryanair's sub-standard customer service, that â€Å"any worthwhile passenger service commitment should involve commitments to low prices and high punctuality†.Ryanair has the cost minimizer's aim of generating the most benefit to both its shareholders and its passengers through offering the lowest fare service. It offers customers the choice of exactly which services they want to pay for rather than forcing them to pay a high price for the bundle of services the airline wants to offer, as legacy carriers usually do. Passengers benefit from paying less money by selecting and purchasing only the services they need. As a result, Ryanair is able to attract more cus tomers, which helps Ryanair to grow its market and profits. Goals and Objectives Generate greater passenger traffic through offering low fare services. †¢ Expand the air passenger market and network by opening up new bases and routes. †¢ Capture a larger market, such as by entry to the US airline market. †¢ Gain additional profits through increasing passenger traffic while keeping its cost base low. †¢ Maintain its low cost leadership position through continued cost efficiencies. Stakeholders There are many stakeholders involved in Ryanair’s business. As Table 1 shows, they have different expectations toward and demands on Ryanair. TABLE 1: Organizational Stakeholders Stakeholder Group |Group Demands / Attributes | |Product Market | | |Competitors |They want to carry more passengers at higher fares and would like to reduce Ryanair's market share. | | |They would like regulation to force Ryanair to offer travel agent commissions. | |Travel Agencies |They would like to organize Ryanair staff. | |Customers want the lowest fare price, and luxury services at no extra cost. | |Trade Unions |Boeing, Airbus would like to Ryanair orders at list prices. Airports would like regulations allowing | |Customers |them to charge higher fees to airlines, and to collude on capacity management. | |Suppliers |Legislators want to avoid high levels of controversial public complaints, and want higher airport and | | |route taxes. | | | |Government | | |Capital Market | | |Shareholders |Shareholders want to see Ryanair’s market and profit increased. |Banks |Banks want Ryanair to make loan payments in full on time. | |Leasing Company |They want Ryanair to lease more planes, i. e. expand routes. | |Organizational Market | | |Employees |Employees want higher income and better benefits | |Managers |Managers want to effectively use the human and capital resources of the company to meet the goals and | | |objectives set by top executives. |Top Executi ves |Maintain Ryanair’s cost-leadership position to gain profit while looking for more opportunities to | |(Michael O'Leary) |further expand its market | EXTERNAL ANALYSIS General Environment Demographic Segment: Airline travel passengers are mostly aged 18 to 65. Among them, passengers of age 25 to 55 years account for almost 75% of the total. The ageing of the post-1945 baby boom generation has reduced the numbers in the older higher income segment of this demographic.The resulting tendency is for a greater proportion of air travellers to be younger and less affluent and more oriented toward lower cost transport as opposed to seeking a luxurious flying experience. Political/Legal Segment The political and legal issues that concern Ryanair include regulations of regional and national governments and the European Union (EU), various legal actions, terrorism and security. Because many airlines are fully or partially owned by national governments, the airline industry has been affected by political regulation of both operation and ownership.For example, the EU regulations charging all airlines for their carbon emissions, and the rules on flight and duty time limitations, both increase the operating costs of Ryanair. Furthermore, O'Leary's ambition to start an ultra-low cost transatlantic airline using Aer Lingus planes and US airport landing rights has been blocked by the European Commission's Merger Office. The Commission has refused to allow Ryanair to go ahead with purchase of control of Aer Lingus. In addition, the threat of terrorism has increased insurance and security costs in the airline industry. Economic SegmentThe global economic recession and fuel price increases have greatly affected the European airline industry. The recession has impacted the purchasing power of consumers. Ryanair’s low cost strategy has enhanced Ryanair’s ability to compete in these conditions. Through offering low fares, Ryanair enables airline passengers to continue travelling despite the economic crisis. The floating exchange rate also has a direct effect on Ryanair’s profitability. Ryanair collects fares in various currencies and has its expense mainly in US dollars for fuel and in Euros for labour.In addition, the number of airline passengers could decline if their national currency loses value. Ryanair uses futures and options to hedge its fuel price, foreign exchange risks, and financing interest cost. The price for 90% of Ryanair's forecast fuel requirements for fiscal 2013 is hedged. Hedged prices for 2013 are significantly above 2012 prices. Socio-cultural Segment Due to changes in traveller’s behavioural  and psychological patterns, the European airline industry has changed from traditional patterns.People’s perspective towards air travel has been changed by the low cost revolution of air fares in Europe. Air travel is no longer being seen as expensive and is now accessible by low income people. Consequ ently passenger traffic in the Europe airline industry has increased. Ryanair's initial routes from Ireland to England were intended to provide a service to ethnic Irish people who had migrated to England to work due to lack of jobs in Ireland, but who still had most of their family in Ireland and wanted to visit often. Technological SegmentAdopting advantageous technologies has helped Ryanair constantly reinvent its processes to maintain its low cost advantage. For example, by using its online booking system, Ryanair reduced its distribution costs by eliminating travel agency commissions. Better technology has also allowed other transportation industries to cut costs such as the innovation of lower fuel consumption cars and high speed trains. These changes both increase the competitiveness of the substitutes for airline travel and also increase the complementarity of airline and other travelling tools.Global Segment Globalization increases the demand for international air travel. T here are an increasing number of people travelling between counties for work or to take vacations in foreign countries. Industry Environment Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of Ryanair’s aircraft suppliers is relatively high. Because Ryanair wants very low prices and many special conditions on aircraft purchases, so Boeing has refused to extend their supply contract with Ryanair, and Airbus has not been interested to seriously negotiate with Ryanair.Moreover, the switching cost of changing supplier for Ryanair is moderately high due to the significant amount of expense needed in terms of pilot, mechanic retraining and spare parts inventories. Ryanair is reportedly negotiating to buy the new C919 aircraft being developed by COMAC, a Chinese manufacturer, due to its greater amounts of seats and the lower fuel consumption. This availability of this substitute increases Ryanair’s bargaining power with Boeing. Ryanair’s bargaining power with its sup pliers of airport services is high, due to the current overbuilding of regional airports.Bargaining Power of Buyers The bargaining power of Ryanair’s buyers is high. The competition in the European short haul airline market is very intense, and many airlines have cut their cost in response to deregulation and availability of new cost saving technologies. Though Ryanair offers travel fares to passengers at very low prices, there is low switching cost for customers to change to another airline. The lack of brand loyalty in the air travel market increases buyer’s bargaining power. Threat of EntryThe threat of new entrants in the European short haul air travel market is high due to the relatively low cost of entry and the commodity nature of the capital required. However Ryanair has achieved economies of scale which would be difficult for a new entrant to achieve. Ryanair has a large network which would require a moderately large capital investment to duplicate. Availabili ty of access to some routes is another barrier for new entrants due to the intense competition for primary routes and primary airport landing rights for some routes. Threats from Substitute ProductsThe threat of substitute products and services for Ryanair is relatively low. Substitute services of Ryanair include trains, ferries, cars, as well as other low fare airlines. However, according to the record, it was shown that usually the tickets of train, bus or ferry are more expensive than Ryanair’s flight tickets. According to Ryanair's 2012 financial report presentation, Ryanair's average ticket price including bag is â‚ ¬45 (2013Q3 â‚ ¬50) and its closest price competitor's average ticket price is â‚ ¬71 (2013Q3 â‚ ¬79). This shows the threat to Ryanair's from substitute low ost airlines is relatively low as they are unable to achieve Ryanair's economies of scale and offer similar fares. Competitive Rivalry The competitive rivalry for Ryanair in the airline marke t is high. Its competitors include Aer Lingus, easy Jet, Air Berlin, Whizz, IAG/British Airway, and Lufthansa etc, the carriers which also offering low fare flights. Many airline companies have lowered the prices of airfares to avoid losing more market share. Competitor Analysis An analysis of major competitors, Aer Lingus, Easy Jet and British Airways is shown in Table 2.TABLE 2: Competitor Analysis | |Aer Lingus |Easy Jet |British Airways | |Future Objectives |Aer Lingus focus on generating revenue per |Easy jet wants to build strong |British Airways want to become the | | |seat rather than maximization of load |number 1 and 2 network positions |world’s leading premium airline by | | |factor as well as more emphasis on |while maintains its cost advantage. offering the best customer services. | | |partnerships and connectivity. | | | |Current |Moving to discount airline model, focusing |Easyjet focus on primary airports, |British Airways focus on satisfied | |Strategy |on pr imary airport routes. Focus on serving|and especially slot constrained |customers.It provides high level | | |Irish travel to visit relatives in New |airports, to provide service on the|premium tickets and offers first class| | |York, Boston and Chicago areas of US. |top 100 routes in Europe |ticket holders access to premier | | | | |lounges. | |Assumptions |They assume that low fares are mbedded in |They assume passengers want |They assume that customers will like | | |the Irish market place. |convenience. |to pay more for a better and | | | | |outstanding service. | |Capabilities |Aer Lingus operates 43 planes with an |Easy Jet has 214 planes flying 605 |British Airway has a fleet of over 245| | |average age of 7. 3 years.Carries about 10 |routes serving 133 airports with 23|aircraft over 600 destinations | | |million passengers per year on 92 routes. |bases, which makes it the 4th |worldwide. It operates in engineering | | | |largest short haul carrier in |provides engineering se rvices to BA | | | |Europe with 8% market share. |and many other airlines. |General Notes |Aer Lingus is the lowest fare long haul |EasyJet focuses on low fares |It is the flag carrier airline of the | | |airline in Europe, partly due to having to |without removing the services which|UK & the largest airline in the UK | | |compete with Ryanair on 46 routes. |are standard on most airlines. |based on fleet size. | Analysis of Interaction of External Force In summary, the external environment provides Ryanair both opportunities and risks.Though some political issues limited its operation and the intense competition in the airline industry poses some threats to Ryanair, the company has great opportunities to grow. The demand for air travelling is increasing as the reduction in fares has expanded numbers of passengers who can afford air travel, and existing travellers are choosing low cost carriers due to the economic recession. Ryanair has put itself in the right position to generate pa ssenger traffic and market shares. INTERNAL ANALYSIS Resources Tangible ResourcesAirports: Ryanair has established distribution channels with low cost and uncongested airports, which enable it to deliver a 25 minute turnaround, which helps to create Ryanair’s competitive advantage. Not only secondary airports, Ryanair’s primary airports also delivered it a great value. Locations: More than 1,500 routes across 28 countries in Europe and North Africa to 178 airports (of which 57 are ‘bases’, where Ryanair bases aircraft and crew). Aircraft Fleet: Ryanair has a fleet consisting of a single aircraft type, the Boeing 737-800.The average age of its 305 aircraft is around 4 years, which is younger than the 9-11 years of typical European airline carriers. This gives advantages in terms of fuel efficiency, maintenance costs and customer perception. Ryanair also benefits from its planes higher seating capacity (189 seats per aircraft, compared with Easyjet’s 156 on A319s and 174 on A320s). Financial Resources: The financial resources of the company come from the Ryan family, shareholders, investors and creditors. In addition, Ryanair has a high cash flow balance, which enables it to make emergency adjustments or further investments.In addition, Ryanair has the Aer Lingus shares with a market value of â‚ ¬150 million which could be converted to cash. Organizational Resources: Very sophisticated and precise controlling and coordinating systems to allow high operational efficiencies including shorter aircraft turnaround times than competitors. Technological resources: Online booking and checkin system which allows near elimination of airport checking counter costs. Intangible Resources Human Resources: Ryanair employs approximately 8,388 employees, as of March 31, 2012, including 1,636 pilots and 2,867 cabin crew employed on a contract basis.Ryanair’s Brand Recognition: Ryanair has a strong brand image as a cost leader and no-fri lls carrier. Rights: The landing rights and airport terminal slot rights for Ryanair as well as the government approvals to fly each particular route. Innovation Resources: Ryanair's senior management team has a strong capacity to constantly innovate and to cut costs by negotiating with suppliers to pressure for supply cost reductions and to change service routes to drop high rising cost suppliers in favour of low cost suppliers. The senior management team has the capacity to innovate by nbundling the components of major airline service and offering the components individually allowing travellers to choose lower cost combinations. Innovative use of secondary airports distant form major cities allows Ryanair to profitably offer ancillary car rental and bus and accommodations services through the online booking and ticketing system. Capabilities Primary activities Inbound Logistics: Ryanair’s main supplier, Boeing, provided Ryanair discount reported as approximately one third o ff for purchasing aircraft.Ryanair outsources the labour, airport services, and employee training they need at low cost. Operations: Ryanair provides â€Å"low cost no frills† airline service. About 50% of Ryanair’s flight crew are contractors employed only when required. Ryanair uses uncongested airports and only makes point to point trips. Outboard Logistics: Ryanair has quick 25 minute aircraft turnaround times. Ryanair has developed an online booking, ticketing, and confirmation system which eliminated the role and margin of travel agents taking the Ryanair service direct to the traveller.Marketing and Sales: Ryanair has the biggest website in Europe which allows them to do the marketing- internet sales. They also generate ancillary revenues by selling products in flight and encouraging customers to buy alliance services such as hotel bookings, car rentals and travel insurance etc. Service: Ryanair provides limited free services to passengers, and a full variety of onboard and travel services is available to customers for purchase. Customers decide which services they want to pay for. Support ActivitiesManagement Information Systems: Ryanair has efficient MIS systems to minimize airport turnaround times and to very tightly control on-board fuel inventories to minimize the cost of carrying excess fuel carried any flight. Firm Infrastructure: Ryanair has 57 bases. The cost of Ryanair airports are low due to its use of airports are mostly uncongested secondly airports. Ryanair has only one type of aircraft (Boeing 737-800). Therefore, Ryanair only trains pilots to fly one type of plane, which cut costs of training employees.Human Resource Management: In order to reduce costs, Ryanair pays relatively lower salaries to employees than other airline companies. The employees are paid by the hour on contracts. Ryanair employees get no benefits from Ryanair, but pilots like Ryanair because they can build their hours of experience quickly and be promote d to senior pilot positions. Technological Development: Use of online booking by Ryanair reduced their costs. In addition, by introducing self-check service to the passengers, Ryanair was able to reduce staff and cost. Procurement: As Ryanair only provide services, they have to outsource the material they need, such as fuel and equipment as well as leasing some operated aircraft. Core Competencies Ryanair has the following core competencies based on the VRIO framework: | |V |I |R |O | |Fleet of 294 -737-800s |Very fuel efficient and |Boeing list price of $90 |No competitor has as large |Ryanair has organized a 1500| | |about 4years average age so|million per plane or $26. |a fleet of short-medium |route network and short | | |low maintenance costs |billion for a similar fleet|haul fuel efficient jets |turnaround times to maximize| | | | | |the flying time of the fleet| |Supply chain management and |Forcing irports to compete|Very costly to imitate the |Competitors try to do this |Or ganized to operate the | |operations management |on fees for Ryanair's |scale of Ryanair's |also but Ryanair does it |fleet of 737-800s on | |including MIS systems |business and forcing Boeing|operation of 1500 routes |better |whatever routes offer low | | |to reduce prices on their |between 178 airports, so | |costs | | |huge order of 737-800s are |smaller network operators | | | | |keys to Ryanair's low cost |have less bargaining power | | | | |structure |with airports | | | |O'Leary's strategic vision, |O'Leary's strategy is the |Not available in the market|There is only one O'Leary |O'Leary is dedicated to | |marketing strategy and PR |basis for the company's | | |building â€Å"ultra-low-cost† | | |profitability.His | | |airlines | | |controversial PR saves | | | | | |millions in advertising | | | | | |costs | | | | Performance: Ryanair’s performance compared with its main competitors: | |Ryanair |Easyjet |Aer Lingus |British Airways | |Revenue |US$6. 35B |GBP 3. 85B |â‚ ¬1. 39B |â‚ ¬16. 1 B | |Operating Margin |15. 3% |8. 1% |3. 94% |3. 2% | |Profit Margin |12. 54% |6. 62% |2. 44% |3. 49% | |ROA |5. 59% |4. 74% |1. 90% |3. 44% | |ROE |18. 99% |14. 58% |4. 07% |13. 21% | |Market Cap |US$11. 51B |GBP 4. 18B |â‚ ¬0. 679 B |US$ 6. 7 B | STRATEGYBusiness Level Strategy Ryanair follows a cost leadership strategy. By controlling the cost of operations, Ryanair has a low cost base, which enables it to offer the lowest fares to passengers with acceptable service across Europe. Corporate Level Strategy Ryanair has a low-level of diversification. Ryanair's dominant business is passenger transport, with ancillary revenue from its ancillary services. According to Ryanair’s 2012 annual report ancillary revenue accounts for about 25% of the total revenue, while 75% of revenue come from is major business, which is scheduled airline service. International Strategy Ryanair follows a global strategy.Ryanair offers standardized services to all passengers across Europe, while the strategic decisions centralized in headquarters office to achieve economies of scale. Ryanair does not customize its products to individual national or regional market demands. Cooperative Strategy Ryanair has cooperative or alliance relations with a broad range of hotel and other accommodation providers, as well as with airport car rental companies and airport bus transport companies. Ryanair offers the services of these companies through the Ryanair website and the companies rebate a portion of the revenue to Ryanair. SYNTHESIS Ryanair has the strengths, and weaknesses, and faces the opportunities and threats as shown in Table 3: Table 3: SWOT Analysis |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Customer Service |Low Fares: The advantage of Ryanair’s low cost base |Low Frequencies: Ryanair offers less frequent flights on some | | |allows it to offers the lowest average fares in |routes and often schedules departures at low demand times, | | |European shor t haul markets. It was report that |which may not be convenient to passengers, but provides lower | | |Ryanair’s fares are about 37% below those of easyJet. |costs and faster turnaround times. | | | |Brand Perception: Recently published surveys vote Ryanair to be| | |Unbundling Services: Unbundling of inflight services |one of the weakest brands in the European airline industry. | |allows Ryanair to expand the travel market by serving|Ryanair offers limited free services to passengers and the | | |lower willingness to pay customers, which supposedly |media portrayal of Ryanair is often of a mean and | | |is a large segment of Ryanair’s home market in |money-grabbing. | | |Ireland. | | | |Punctuality: Ryanair has the best punctuality | | | |compared to other airline companies, since Ryanair | | | |only offers point-to-point short haul service. | | |Financial Resources |Cash flow: According to Ryanair’s 2012 annual report,|Seasonality of Earnings: Many Ryanair ’s customers are vacation | | |Ryanair has Euro 3. billion in cash, which allows it |travellers who tend to travel in the July to September period | | |to make further investment. |so Ryanair’s earnings are highly seasonal. | |Network: Economies |Ryanair flies more than 1,500 routes across 28 | | |of Scale |countries in Europe and North Africa, 178 airports of| | | |which 57 are bases. It carried almost 80m passengers | | | |in year 2012 with a market share of 12%.It has the | | | |lowest cost per passenger, which is one third lower | | | |than its major competitor EasyJet. | | |Network: Secondary |Due to the use of secondary airports and its |Many secondary airports are many kilometres away from a major | |Airports |excellent operations systems, Ryanair has a 25 minute|city, which may cause travel inconveniences to passengers. | | |turnaround times, which allows the airline to | | | |maximise aircraft utilisation. | |Fleet |One type of aircraft, the Boeing 737- 800 |Fleet is not certified for transatlantic service expansion | | |Largest short haul fleet in Europe 305 aircraft | | | |Average age of fleet 4 years (9 to 11 years for | | | |competitors) gives better fuel efficiency, and lower | | | |maintenance costs. | | |Executive Management|Introduced a series of innovations to achieve low |Portrayed by the media as mean and uncaring. | |costs and economies of scale | | | |Eliminated check-in desks; put advertising on | | | |boarding passes and overhead bins; persuading | | | |passengers not to check in hold baggage | | | |World leading skill in negotiating low cost supply | | | |agreements | | |Management Systems |Highly efficient MIS and standard operating | | | |procedures to efficiently operate at lowest costs. | | | | | | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Customers |The CEO of Ryanair has talked of plans for a |Ryanair’s competitors may learn how to imitate its value chain | | |long-haul transatlantic service under a n ew company |and copy its operation strategy.In addition, by focusing on | | |named â€Å"RyanAtlantic†. Purchase of Aer Lingus is a way|efficiency, Ryanair may overlook changes in customer | | |of gaining landing rights at New York, Boston and |preferences. | | |Chicago airports, which are favorite destinations for|By using the cost-leadership strategy, Ryanair needs to carry | | |Irish people travelling overseas to visit their |the risks of losing competitive advantages due to the dramatic | | |relatives. In addition, Aer Lingus has transatlantic |change of technology. | | |certified aircraft. | |Supplier Competition|Ryanair has the opportunity to get a better deal on |Airport and navigation charge increases: Increased airport | | |aircraft ordering. Ryanair has indicated interest in |charges in Spain’s AENA airports and Italy's ATC airport will | | |buying the C919 aircraft as a strategy to negotiate a|boost the ex-fuel unit cost. | | |better deal with Boeing. |Air t ravel taxes: Increases in air travel taxes reduce the | | |Stansted Airport: Ryanair cut its flights at Stansted|demand of air travel.Airport travel taxes are charged | | |Airport as a result of increased airport charge |independently of ticket price and therefore make up a higher | | |increases, and offered that if the airport charges |percentage of lower priced short haul tickets. Ryanair's costs | | |are reduced Ryanair will reverse the reductions in |are affected proportionately more by these taxes than are its | | |service levels and frequency at Stansted Airport to |higher fare competitor's costs. | | |transport about one million more passengers per day |Fuel price and currency: The price of fuel is highly volatile. | |by using spare fleet capacity shifting some flights |The international oil market is priced in US dollars so fuel | | |and routes from competing airports to Stansted. |expenses are in US dollars. Ryanair does not have US dollar | | | |revenues, and therefore mu st hedge its US dollar costs against | | | |its British Pound and Euro revenues using futures, options, and| | | |currency swap. |Government |Regional or local governments build airport capacity |Possible regulatory backlash in response to bad publicity about| | |in excess of local flight demand to attract tourism |service levels | | |dollars provide an opportunity for Ryanair to obtain | | | |very low cost or subsidized airport services. | | SWOT Matrix | |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Opportunities |Low cost base and low fares help to attract passengers |Low flight frequencies reduce the appeal of Ryanair | | |and grow its market. services for some travellers | | |Ryanair’s strong cash flow enables it to make further |Low level of free services reduces the attractiveness of | | |investment in aircraft |Ryanair flights for some travellers | | |Ryanair's strategic negotiating ability allows it to take|Unfavourable publicity causes regulator resistance to | | |advantage of secon dary airport suppliers to provide air |Ryanair operations | | |services to major cities at low cost | | |Threats |Large pan-European network allows Ryanair to shift |Revenue seasonality with lower winter time cash flows | | |business out of regulatory jurisdictions which raise |could make fuel price fluctuations more problematic | | |travel taxes or airport fees |because fuel prices tend to have a seasonal peak during | | |Ryanair's expertise at hedging fuel and exchange rate |October to January | | |fluctuations allows it to minimize the impact of oil |Ryanair’s disregard for customer luxury and convenience | | |price fluctuations compared to legacy airlines |could worsen declines in customer numbers during periods | | | |of economic prosperity when higher income levels give all| | | |travellers more choices of travel service level. | SWOT Fit with StrategyRyanair’s cost leadership business strategy is built on (1) senior management’s strength at negotiating lo w cost supplier agreements, and (2) unbundling air travel services from basic transport fares to allow lower willingness to pay customers to choose lower cost service. The cost leadership strategy and ability to negotiate lowest cost supplier agreements also puts Ryanair in position to exceed competitors network scale and thereby achieve competitively superior economies of scale. Ryanair’s focus on cost leadership minimizes the negative effect that their disregard for customer inconvenience could have on a differentiated supplier. In summary Ryanair’s strategy is a good fit with its strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVESAlternatives 1. Shift to primary airports and move upmarket by focusing on primary airports and increased customer service levels and fares, competing more closely with EasyJet. 2. Expand secondary airports network, with the same customer service level but the lowest price. 3. Expand secondary airport network and upscal e the customer services with a bit higher price. 4. Expand Network to US through buying Aer Lingus. 5. Expand Network to US Irish destinations by buying planes, routes and airport slots. 6. Develop a greenfield network in a non-European regional market. Criteria for Analysis of Alternatives †¢ Increased Profit / ROE †¢ Financial Feasibility Maintain low cost leadership / Increase Economies of scale †¢ Government Issues Evaluation of Alternatives | |Government Issues |Profit/ ROE |Economic of Scale | Financial |Total Point | | | | | |Feasibility | | |1. Shift to Primary Airports (Increase |3 |2 |2 |2. 5 |9. 5 | |Price) | | | | | | |2.Expand Secondary Airport Network |4 |5 |5 |4 |18 | |(Low Price) | | | | | | |3. Expand Secondary Airport Network |4 |3 |3 |3. 5 |13. 5 | |(Upscale Services) | | | | | | |4. Expand Network to US through buying |1 |5 |5 |5 |16 | |Aer Lingus | | | | | | |5.Expand Network to US Irish |2 |3. 5 |4 |3 |12. 5 | |destinations | | | | | | |6. Develo p second Network in |3 |Short run: 2 |Short run: 2. 5 |2 |Short run: 9. 5 | |non-European regional market | |Long run: 5 |Long run: 5 | |Long run: 16 | Explanation of Evaluation: 1. Issues of government approval of new runs and cost of buying airport slots.As the primary airports will charge higher fees and tend to be more intensely competitive, the cost and fare price will be increased with a higher customer services level. The primary airport routes are served by many discount fare and major airline feeder service competitors 2. The lowest cost way to achieve additional economics of scale. 3. Shifts the company cost structure to a higher cost curve and may reduce its economies of scale. 4. Issue of European Commissions Merger office disapproval 5. Combination of regulatory issues and cost of acquiring transatlantic certified aircraft. 6. High start-up cost for a greenfield network and time required to build up revenue and profit. Recommended AlternativeBased on the evaluation, the best alternative for Ryanair is to continual to develop its network serving secondary airports, as it will generate more profit while and achieve greater economies of scale. Short Term Continue with company’s current strategy of expanding the network of secondary airports served. Maintain current levels of customer service and continue to emphasize the value of the levels of customer service provided to the Ryanair customer niche to avoid regulatory backlash. Long Term The secondary airport network in Europe will eventually be saturated by Ryanair’s expansion and to continue growing faster than demographic growth Ryanair will have to expand into other markets.The recommended alternative is to make greater accommodations to the European Commission Merger Office regarding routes where Aer Lingus and Ryanair currently compete in order to gain the Merger offices approval for Ryanair to buy Aer Lingus. This will allow Ryanair to expand to the US market with guaranteed prof its from the Irish traveller traffic visiting relatives in Boston, New York, and Chicago. Further the cost to buy the additional Aer Lingus shares to give Ryanair controlling a share in Aer Lingus is very inexpensive compared to other overseas expansion options. If the European Commission Merger Office does not give approval then Ryanair should consider development of an alternative regional network. IMPLEMENTATION Action PlanExpand the secondary airport network by expanding service to the Balkans, Macedonia and Morocco. |Time Line | |   |April |May |June |July | |Average fare: |Euro 50 |Euro 51 |2% |Low competition in new route area allows | | | | | |higher fare level | |Costs per passenger excluding |Euro 27 |Euro 25 |-7. % |Using excess plane capacity so reduces | |fuel: | | | |average fixed cost | |Revenue per passenger: |Euro 51 |Euro 51 |0% |Travellers in the new route area very frugal. | |Passengers per year: |75. 8 million |79. 6 million |5% |New route volume | |ROE: |16. 9% |18. 4% |1. 5% |Higher utilization of aircraft results in | | | | | |higher ROE | By meeting the figures in the Target column Ryanair will have succeeded in expanding its revenues, profits and economies of scale.